{"id":112,"date":"2026-09-19T18:22:08","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T18:22:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080\/index.php\/2026\/09\/19\/trung-quoc-dat-buoc-tien-ve-chip-3-nm-toan-canh-danh-gia\/"},"modified":"2026-09-19T18:22:08","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T18:22:08","slug":"trung-quoc-dat-buoc-tien-ve-chip-3-nm-toan-canh-danh-gia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zunliz.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/19\/trung-quoc-dat-buoc-tien-ve-chip-3-nm-toan-canh-danh-gia\/","title":{"rendered":"Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 chip 3 nm &#8211; To\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh &amp; \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c (CAS) v\u1eeba c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn Gate-All-Around (GAA) d\u00e0nh cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 nm b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y quang kh\u1eafc c\u1ef1c t\u00edm s\u00e2u (DUV) th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u0169. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 H\u00e0 Lan ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y quang kh\u1eafc si\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u00edm (EUV) v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef7 d\u00e2n, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a CAS kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c sinh t\u1ed3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: Khi DUV g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh 3 nm<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00e1y quang kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ASML. M\u00e1y EUV s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ef1c ng\u1eafn 13,5 nm, cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1eafc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft si\u00eau nh\u1ecf l\u00ean t\u1ea5m wafer silicon. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y DUV m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 193 nm. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 193 nm \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 nm l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb quang h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111a ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng (multi-patterning) v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi 4 nm kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc m\u1ea1ch, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e2y FinFET truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u2013 v\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb 3 ph\u00eda \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch sang ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ed5ng v\u00f2m GAA (Gate-All-Around), n\u01a1i c\u1ef1c c\u1ed5ng bao b\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ea3 4 ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh d\u1eabn (nanosheet), gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb Ye Tianchun, chuy\u00ean gia t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed thu\u1ed9c CAS, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac GAA n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y DUV hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch TSMC hay Samsung t\u1eebng d\u00f2 d\u1eabm trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 CAS ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t &#8220;chi\u1ebfc l\u1ed3ng k\u00ednh&#8221; b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111a chi\u1ec1u: \u0110\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean b\u00e1n d\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu: S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n    <li><strong>Ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf GAA tr\u00ean m\u00e1y DUV ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng m\u00e1y EUV \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ASML.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>K\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00fac chip (foundry) t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n DUV tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 USD \u0111\u00e3 mua tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh do l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u0110a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn:<\/strong> B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i GAA c\u1ee7a CAS, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Huawei c\u0169ng \u0111ang song song ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i \u0111i ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 &#8220;\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Tau&#8221; nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 transistor t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 1,4 nm v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2031. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111a chi\u1ec1u, t\u0103ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng chung cho to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n    <li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thu ho\u1ea1ch (Yield Rate) c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c \u00e9p m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y quang kh\u1eafc DUV (b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 193 nm) l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf quy m\u00f4 d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 nm \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111a ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng (quadruple patterning ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n). M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng th\u00eam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i sai bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ee5c (overlay error), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chip ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i wafer s\u1ebd c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea9y chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00ean m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y:<\/strong> Nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng Ye Tianchun th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 khai. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (R&amp;D) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t (mass production) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c foundry nh\u01b0 SMIC.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>R\u1ee7i ro leo thang c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn:<\/strong> M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u0111ang c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng m\u00e1y DUV \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169. N\u1ebfu k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n cung linh ki\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y DUV hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y quy tr\u00ecnh GAA ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n h\u00f3c b\u00faa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn &amp; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ZunLiz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i s\u00e1t sao d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a CAS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t cho th\u1ea5y: <strong>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh em l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m trong ng\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, h\u00e3y t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang c\u00f3:<\/strong> Trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, framework hay ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, case-study c\u1ee7a CAS cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd\/ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac GAA) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta &#8220;v\u1eaft ki\u1ec7t&#8221; hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 (m\u00e1y DUV). Khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n lu\u00f4n mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i v\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng &#8211; Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Hardware-Software Co-design):<\/strong> Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore \u0111ang ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i), vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thu nh\u1ecf b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Anh em k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft code t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac chip chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t (Domain-Specific Architectures). Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 GAA hay chiplet s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao (HPC) v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eeba \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng GAA tr\u00ean DUV, v\u1eeba nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u &#8220;\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Tau&#8221; c\u1ee7a Huawei l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t (single point of failure) lu\u00f4n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro cao. H\u00e3y lu\u00f4n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng (Plan B, Plan C) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cao, thay v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 chip 3 nm c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y DUV ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong m\u1ed9t s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ec3. N\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng: Khi b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t qua nh\u1eefng khe h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n<div style=\"margin-top: 24px;padding: 16px 20px;border-left: 4px solid #7c5cfc;border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0;font-size: 0.9rem;color: #94a3b8\">\ud83d\udd17 <strong>Ngu\u1ed3n tin g\u1ed1c &amp; Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/vnexpress.net\/trung-quoc-dat-buoc-tien-ve-chip-3-nm-5122223.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" style=\"color: #38bdf8;text-decoration: underline\">Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 chip 3 nm<\/a> (Ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb <em>VnExpress S\u1ed1 H\u00f3a<\/em>).<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c (CAS) v\u1eeba c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn Gate-All-Around (GAA) d\u00e0nh cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 nm b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y quang kh\u1eafc c\u1ef1c t\u00edm s\u00e2u (DUV) th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u0169. Trong [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cong-nghe-lap-trinh","category-gaming-thiet-bi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zunliz.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zunliz.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zunliz.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zunliz.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zunliz.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zunliz.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zunliz.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zunliz.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zunliz.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}